OD(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual OD(1)
NAME
od - octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump
SYNOPSIS
od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx] [-A base] [-j skip] [-N length] [-t type]
[[+]offset[.][Bb]] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
The od utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or
standard input if no files are specified, in a user specified format.
The options are as follows:
-A base Specify the input address base. The argument base may be one
of d, o, x or n, which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal
addresses or no address, respectively.
-a Output named characters. Equivalent to -t a.
-B, -o Output octal shorts. Equivalent to -t o2.
-b Output octal bytes. Equivalent to -t o1.
-c Output C-style escaped characters. Equivalent to -t c.
-D Output unsigned decimal ints. Equivalent to -t u4.
-d Output unsigned decimal shorts. Equivalent to -t u2.
-e, -F Output double-precision floating point numbers. Equivalent to
-t fD.
-f Output single-precision floating point numbers. Equivalent to
-t fF.
-H, -X Output hexadecimal ints. Equivalent to -t x4.
-h, -x Output hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to -t x2.
-I, -L, -l
Output signed decimal longs. Equivalent to -t dL.
-i Output signed decimal ints. Equivalent to -t dI.
-j skip Skip skip bytes of the combined input before dumping. The
number may be followed by one of b, k or m which specify the
units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes and
megabytes, respectively.
-N length Dump at most length bytes of input.
-O Output octal ints. Equivalent to -t o4.
-s Output signed decimal shorts. Equivalent to -t d2.
-t type Specify the output format. The type argument is a string
containing one or more of the following kinds of type
specifiers:
a Named characters (ASCII). Control characters are
displayed using the following names:
000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ
006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS 009 HT 00A NL 00B VT
00C FF 00D CR 00E SO 00F SI 010 DLE 011 DC1
012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB
018 CAN 019 EM 01A SUB 01B ESC 01C FS 01D GS
01E RS 01F US 020 SP 07F DEL
c Characters in the default character set. Non-printing
characters are represented as 3-digit octal character
codes, except the following characters, which are
represented as C escapes:
NUL \0
alert \a
backspace \b
newline \n
carriage-return \r
tab \t
vertical tab \v
Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area
corresponding to the first byte of the character. The
remaining bytes are shown as `**'.
[d|o|u|x][C|S|I|L|n]
Signed decimal (d), octal (o), unsigned decimal (u) or
hexadecimal (x). Followed by an optional size
specifier, which may be either C (char), S (short), I
(int), L (long), or a byte count as a decimal integer.
f[F|D|L|n]
Floating-point number. Followed by an optional size
specifier, which may be either F (float), D (double)
or L (long double).
-v Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of duplicate
values with a `*'.
Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will
contain one line for each format.
If no output format is specified, -t oS is assumed.
ENVIRONMENT
The LANG, LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE environment variables affect the execution
of od as described in environ(7).
EXIT STATUS
The od utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
EXAMPLES
Dump stdin and show the output using named characters and C-style escaped
characters:
$ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -a -c
0000000 F r e e B S D : sp T h e sp p o w
F r e e B S D : T h e p o w
0000020 e r sp t o sp s e r v e nl
e r t o s e r v e \n
0000034
Dump stdin skipping the first 13 bytes using named characters and dumping
no more than 5 bytes:
$ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -An -a -j 13 -N 5
p o w e r
COMPATIBILITY
The traditional -s option to extract string constants is not supported;
consider using strings(1) instead.
SEE ALSO
hexdump(1), strings(1)
STANDARDS
The od utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 ("POSIX.1").
HISTORY
An od command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.
FreeBSD 15.1-STABLE-HBSD December 22, 2011 OD(1)